Approaches to Skull Base

I Anterior Cranial Base
  Anterior craniofacial resection
Basal subfrontal approach
II Middle Cranial Base

Central Compartment  

  Trans septal sphenoid
Transpalatal
Extended maxillotomy
Midfacial split
 

Lateral Compartment  

  Infratemporal fossa approach l case 1 l case 2
Transparotid
Subtemporal preauricular infratemporal fossa approach
Trans facial approaches

  Facial translocation approach l case 1 l case 2
Extended osteoplastic maxillotomy approach
Extended transfacial subcranial approach l case 1 l case 2
III Posterior cranial base

Transtemporal approaches
  Translabyrinthine approach
Transotic approach
Transcochlear approach l Case 1 l Case 2

Extreme lateral/transcondylar approach

 

Skull Base Surgery

Extended Transfacial Subcranial Approach

Case-2

A 34 year old female who had radiotherapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx one year ago,
presented with facial pain and bleeding from the nose. CT and MRI showed a recurrent tumour in the nasopharynx on the right side extending into the infratemporal fossa. The skull base was eroded near the foramen ovale and the tumour was infiltrating the adjacent dura. The horizontal part of the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) was surrounded by the tumour. Since the angiogram showed good cross circulation, permanent occlusion of the ICA was done at the level of the cavernous sinus. By using an extended transfacial subcranial approach the posterior half of the maxilla, nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus, contents of infratemporal fossa, ramus of mandible, greater wing of sphenoid, middle fossa dura and petrous part of ICA were excised. The defect was closed with rectus myocutaneous free flap with microvascular anastamosis.

 

CT scan shows nasopharyngeal tumour infiltrating the infratemporal fossa.

 

  MRI shows tumour surrounding petrous portion of the ICA. Arrow points opposite side petrous portion of the ICA..
 

CT shows widened foramen ovale and the tumour reaching the skull base.

 

  MRI shows tumour infiltrating the middle fossa dura.

 

Angiogram shows the balloon (white arrow) with contrast material in the cavernous ICA and complete absents of blood flow (black arrow) through ICA.

 

  Line of incision as marked.
 

Skin flap raised. Mandible is divided at the angle.

 

 

Tumour has been resected. The pointer is shows the cut end of ICA before it enters cavernous sinus.

 

 

Closer view shows the dura of middle fossa floor after drilling out the greater wing of sphenoid. Dura (white arrow) that is exposed was also excised. Black arrow points cut end of ICA.

 

  3-D reconstruction of the postoperative skull base shows the bony defect.
 

Postoperative CT scan shows the skull base bony defect and the rectus myocutaneous free flap filling the defect in the nasopharynx and infratemporal fossa.

 

  Postoperative photograph . Good cosmesis and function were achieved.

go to Case-1